Role of HSP and Leptin in Dairy Animals during Thermal Stress: A Review

Thermal stress is a unique and complex process which alters the normal physiological mechanisms. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to be highly conserved ubiquitous synthesized in response several stimuli. The HSP inducers have been categorized as environmental (heat shock, UV radiation, heavy metals, amino acids, oxidative stress, etc.) pathological (bacterial or parasitic infections, fever, inflammation, (growth factors, cell differentiation, hormonal stimulation tissue development, caloric restriction, etc.). HSPs play an important role for maintaining cellular functioning under challenges protein denaturation conditions. There great potential using HSP72 expression detect natural adaptation exposure populations. Leptin 16 kDa polypeptide hormone secreted primarily from cells of white adipose tissue. acts through both central peripheral mechanisms affect feeding behaviour, lipid glucose metabolism, thermogenesis, reproductive endocrine functions. also plays regulation body weight composition, e.g. reduction feed intake increase energy expenditure. Bovine lymphocytes express Ob-Rb gene (leptin receptor) leptin. ample information on leptin brain neural regulation. In dairy cattle, milk yield has associated with negative balance decrease fertility during early lactation. involved nutritional status function.